Tungsten diselenide

Tungsten diselenide
Identifiers
12067-46-8
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.877
EC Number 235-078-7
PubChem 82910
Properties
WSe2
Molar mass 341.76 g/mol
Appearance grey to black solid
Odor odorless
Density 9.32 g/cm3[1]
Melting point > 1200 °C
insoluble
Structure
hP6, space group P6
3/mmc, No 194[1]
a = 0.3297 nm, c = 1.2982 nm
Trigonal prismatic (WIV)
Pyramidal (Se2−)
Hazards
Main hazards External MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Tungsten diselenide is an inorganic compound with the formula WSe2.[2] The compound adopts a hexagonal crystalline structure similar to molybdenum disulfide. Every tungsten atom is covalently bonded to six selenium ligands in a trigonal prismatic coordination sphere while each selenium is bonded to three tungsten atoms in a pyramidal geometry. The tungsten–selenium bond has a length of 0.2526 nm, and the distance between selenium atoms is 0.334 nm.[3] Layers stack together via van der Waals interactions. WSe2 is a very stable semiconductor in the group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides.

Synthesis

Heating thin films of tungsten under pressure from gaseous selenium and high temperatures (>800 K) using the sputter deposition technique leads to the films crystallizing in hexagonal structures with the correct stoichiometric ratio.[4]

W + 2 Se → WSe2

Potential applications

Atomic image of a WSe2 monolayer showing hexagonal symmetry and three-fold defects. Scale bar: 2 nm (0.5 nm in the inset).[5]

Transition metal dichalcogenides are semiconductors with potential applications in solar cells. WSe
2 has a band-gap of ~1.35 eV with a temperature dependence of -4.6×10−4 eV/K.[6] WSe
2 photoelectrodes are stable in both acidic and basic conditions, making them potentially useful in electrochemical solar cells.[7][8][9]

The properties of WSe
2 monolayers differ from those of the bulk state, as is typical for semiconductors. Mechanically exfoliated monolayers of WSe
2 are transparent photovoltaic materials with LED properties.[10] The resulting solar cells pass 95 percent of the incident light, with one tenth of the remaining five percent converted into electrical power.[11][12] The material can be changed from p-type to n-type by changing the voltage of an adjacent metal electrode from positive to negative, allowing devices made from it to have tunable bandgaps. As a result, it may enable LEDs of any color to be made from a single material.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 Agarwal, M. K.; Wani, P. A. (1979). "Growth conditions and crystal structure parameters of layer compounds in the series Mo1−xWxSe2". Materials Research Bulletin. 14 (6): 825–830. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(79)90144-2.
  2. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, San Diego: Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  3. ↑ Schutte, W.J.; De Boer, J.L.; Jellinek, F. (1986). "Crystal Structures of Tungsten Disulfide and Diselenide". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 70: 207–209. Bibcode:1987JSSCh..70..207S. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(87)90057-0.
  4. ↑ Pouzet, J.; Bernede, J.C.; Khellil, A.; Essaidi, H.; Benhida, S. (1992). "Preparation and characterization of tungsten diselenide thin films". Thin Solid Films. 208: 252–259. Bibcode:1992TSF...208..252P. doi:10.1016/0040-6090(92)90652-R.
  5. ↑ Lin, Y. C.; Björkman, T. R.; Komsa, H. P.; Teng, P. Y.; Yeh, C. H.; Huang, F. S.; Lin, K. H.; Jadczak, J.; Huang, Y. S.; Chiu, P. W.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Suenaga, K. (2015). "Three-fold rotational defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides". Nature Communications. 6: 6736. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6E6736L. doi:10.1038/ncomms7736. PMC 4396367Freely accessible. PMID 25832503.
  6. ↑ Upadhyayula, L.C.; Loferski, J.J.; Wold, A.; Giriat, W.; Kershaw, R. (1968). "Semiconducting Properties of Single Crystals of n- and p-Type Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2)". Journal of Applied Physics. 39: 353–358. Bibcode:1968JAP....39.4736U. doi:10.1063/1.1655829.
  7. ↑ Gobrecht, J.; Gerischer, H.; Tributsch, H. (1978). "Electrochemical Solar Cell Based on the d-Band Semiconductor Tungsten-Diselenide". Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie. 82 (12): 1331–1335. doi:10.1002/bbpc.19780821212.
  8. ↑ Xia, F.; Wang, H.; Xiao, D.; Dubey, M.; Ramasubramaniam, A., "Two-dimensional material nanophotonics", arXiv.org, e-Print Arch., Condens. Matter 2014, 1-23, arXiv:1410.3882v1411.
  9. ↑ Zhang, X.; Qiao, X.-F.; Shi, W.; Wu, J.-B.; Jiang, D.-S.; Tan, P.-H., "Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material", Chemical Society Reviews 2015, volume 44, 2757-2785. doi:10.1039/C4CS00282B
  10. ↑ Johnson, Dexter (11 March 2014). "Tungsten Diselenide Is New 2-D Optoelectronic Wonder Material". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  11. ↑ "Tungsten diselenide shows potential for ultrathin, flexible, semi-transparent solar cells". Gizmag.com. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  12. ↑ Florian Aigenr (10 March 2014). "Atomically thin solar cells" (Press release). Vienna University of Technology. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  13. ↑ "One-molecule-thick material could lead to ultrathin, flexible solar cells and LEDs". Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence newsletter. 11 March 2014.
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