Transliterations of Manchu

There are several systems for transliteration of the Manchu alphabet which is used for the Manchu and Xibe languages. These include the Möllendorff transliteration system invented by Paul Georg von Möllendorff, BabelPad transliteration, the transliteration of the A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary (CMCD), and Abkai Transliteration (former: Daicing Transliteration). There is also a system of Cyrillization by Ivan Zakharov for transcribing Manchu into Cyrillic.

Möllendorff BabelPad CMCD Abkai Manchu & Unicode Xibe & Unicode
a a a a ᠠ ᠠ 1820 ᠠ ᠠ 1820
e e e e ᡝ ᡝ 185D ᡝ ᡝ 185D
i [1] i i [1] i ᡳ ᡳ 1873 ᡞ ᡞ 185E
y [2] y y y’ ᡟ ᡟ 185F ᡟ ᡟ 185F
o o o o ᠣ ᠣ 1823 ᠣ ᠣ 1823
u u u u ᡠ ᡠ 1860 ᡠ ᡠ 1860
ū uu uu v ᡡ ᡡ 1861 ᡡ ᡡ 1861
n n n n ᠨ ᠨ 1828 ᠨ ᠨ 1828
ng ng ng ng ᠩ ᠩ 1829 ᡢ ᡢ 1862
k k k k ᡴ ᡴ 1874 ᡣ ᡣ 1863
g g g g ᡤ ᡤ 1864 ᡤ ᡤ 1864
h h h h ᡥ ᡥ 1865 ᡥ ᡥ 1865
b b b b ᠪ ᠪ 182A ᠪ ᠪ 182A
p p p p ᡦ ᡦ 1866 ᡦ ᡦ 1866
s s s s ᠰ ᠰ 1830 ᠰ ᠰ 1830
š x sh x ᡧ ᡧ 1867 ᡧ ᡧ 1867
t t t t ᡨ ᡨ 1868 ᡨ ᡨ 1868
d d d d ᡩ ᡩ 1869 ᡩ ᡩ 1869
l l l l ᠯ ᠯ 182F ᠯ ᠯ 182F
m m m m ᠮ ᠮ 182E ᠮ ᠮ 182E
c c ch q ᠴ ᠴ 1834 ᠴ ᠴ 1834
j j zh j ᠵ ᠵ 1835 ᡪ ᡪ 186A
y y y y ᠶ ᠶ 1836 ᠶ ᠶ 1836
r r r r ᡵ ᡵ 1875 ᠷ ᠷ 1837
f f f f ᡶ ᡶ 1876 ᡫ ᡫ 186B
w w w w ᠸ ᠸ 1838 ᠸ ᠸ 1838
k' kh kk k’ ᠺ ᠺ 183A ᠺ ᠺ 183A
g' gh gg g’ ᡬ ᡬ 186C ᡬ ᡬ 186C
h' hh hh h’ ᡭ ᡭ 186D ᡭ ᡭ 186D
ts' [2] ts c c ᡮ ᡮ 186E ᡮ ᡮ 186E
ts tsy cy cy’ ᡮᡟ ᡮᡟ 186E 185F ᡮᡟ ᡮᡟ 186E 185F
dz dz z z ᡯ ᡯ 186F ᡯ ᡯ 186F
ž z rr r’ ᡰ ᡰ 1870 ᡰ ᡰ 1870
sy sy sy sy’ ᠰᡟ ᠰᡟ 1830 185F ᠰᡟ ᠰᡟ 1830 185F
c' ch ch q’’ ᡱ ᡱ 1871 ᡱ ᡱ 1871
c'y chi chy qy’ (q’’i) ᡱᡳ ᡱᡳ 1871 1873 ᡱᡞ ᡱᡞ 1871 185E
j zh zh j’’ ᡷ ᡷ 1877 ᡲ ᡲ 1872
jy zhi zhy jy’ (j’’i) ᡷᡳ ᡷᡳ 1877 1873 ᡲᡞ ᡲᡞ 1872 185E
  1. 1 2 Excluding ᡱᡳ（Xibe ᡱᡞ） and ᡷᡳ（Xibe ᡲᡞ）
  2. 1 2 Excluding ᡮᡟ

In the transliteration of CMCD, separate s and h are written as s’h to avoid the confusion with sh.

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