List of controversial elections

This a list of controversial elections arranged by date.

A list of notable elections involving voter fraud or procedural challenge

This is a list of notable elections involving accusations of direct voter fraud or in which the results were procedurally contested, extensively protested, or recognized as fraudulent by a reliable international organization.

• United States of America New York gubernatorial election, 1793 - John Jay received more votes than George Clinton, but on technicalities the votes of Otsego, Tioga and Clinton counties were disqualified and not canvassed, giving George Clinton a slight majority in the official result.
• Bleeding Kansas election, March 30, 1855 - An election to decide whether Kansas should be a free state or a slave state involving massive immigration to sway the vote and resulted in post-election violence, including a severe beating of a US Senator by a Congressman. The events it encompasses directly presaged the American Civil War.
• United States presidential election, 1876 - One of the most disputed and controversial presidential elections in American history between Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes, resolved by the Compromise of 1877.
• New York State Senate election 1891 in Dutchess County
• Romanian general election, 1946
• Bulgarian republic referendum, 1946
• Hungarian parliamentary election, 1947
• United States presidential election, 1960^[1] Some accounts claimed that mobster Sam Giancana and his Chicago crime syndicate played a role in Kennedy's victory in Illinois.^[1]
• Greek legislative election, 1961
• Uruguayan general election, 1971 - the result was extremely tight (the official candidate Juan María Bordaberry won the election by less than 13,000 votes) and there were accusations of fraud in some electoral circuits
• Philippine presidential election, 1986 (see also People Power Revolution)
• Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly Election, 1987-The insurgency in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir has been linked to the allegations that the election was rigged in favour of the National Conference Party of Farooq Abdullah.^[2]
• Mexican general election, 1988
• Burmese general election, 1990 (see also 8888 Uprising)
• Algerian legislative election, 1991 (see also Algerian Civil War)
• Serbian general election, 1992
• Serbian parliamentary election, 1993
• Chadian presidential election, 1996
• Russian presidential election, 1996
• Armenian presidential election, 1996
• Serbian general election, 1997
• Serbian presidential election, 1997
• Chadian parliamentary election, 1997
• Armenian presidential election, 1998 ^[3]
• Peruvian general election, 2000^[4][5]
• Yugoslavian general election, 2000 (see also Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević)
• Sri Lankan parliamentary election, 2000
• United States presidential election, 2000
• United Kingdom general election, 2001^[6][7]
• United Kingdom general election, 2005^{[8][9][10][11][12][13]}
• 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal^[14]
• Armenian presidential election, 2003
• Georgian parliamentary election, 2003 (see also Rose Revolution)
• United States presidential election, 2004
• Romanian general election, 2004
• Philippine general election, 2004 (see also Hello Garci scandal)
• Ukrainian presidential election, 2004 (see also Orange Revolution)
• Washington gubernatorial election, 2004
• Egyptian presidential election, 2005
• Ethiopian general election, 2005
• Palestinian legislative election, 2006
• Ugandan general election, 2006
• Belarusian presidential election, 2006
• Thai general election, 2006 (2005–06 Thai political crisis)
• Mexican general election, 2006
• Italian general election, 2006
• Hong Kong local elections, 2007
• Nigerian general election, 2007
• Kenyan general election, 2007 (see also 2007–08 Kenyan crisis)
• Russian legislative election, 2007^{[15][16][17][18][19]}
• Armenian presidential election, 2008 (2008 Armenian presidential election protests)
• Cambodian general election, 2008
• Zimbabwean general election, 2008^[20][21]
• Algerian presidential election, 2009
• Iranian presidential election, 2009 (see also 2009 Iranian presidential election protests)
• Afghan presidential election, 2009
• Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010
• Ethiopian general election, 2010
• Ivorian presidential election, 2010
• Myanmar general election, 2010
• Haitian general election, 2010–2011
• Hong Kong local elections, 2011
• Ugandan general election, 2011
• Thai general election, 2011
• Canadian federal election, 2011 (Robocall scandal alleging widespread election fraud and voter suppression^{[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]})
• Russian legislative election, 2011 (see also 2011–13 Russian protests)
• Hong Kong legislative election, 2012
• Syrian parliamentary election, 2012 (see also Syrian Civil War)
• Russian presidential election, 2012 (see also 2011–13 Russian protests)
• Ivorian parliamentary election, 2011
• Myanmar by-elections, 2012
• Armenian parliamentary election, 2012
• Mexican general election, 2012 (see also Yo Soy 132)
• Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
• Jordanian general election, 2013
• Armenian presidential election, 2013 (2013 Armenian protests)
• Kenyan general election, 2013
• Venezuelan presidential election, 2013^[29]
• Malaysian general election, 2013^[30]
• Bulgarian parliamentary election, 2013
• Cambodian general election, 2013 (2013–14 Cambodian protests)
• Pakistani general election, 2013
• Zimbabwean general election, 2013
• Guinean legislative election, 2013
• Mauritanian parliamentary election, 2013
• Bangladeshi general election, 2014
• Thai general election, 2014 (2013–14 Thai political crisis)
• Libyan Constitutional Assembly election, 2014 (Inter-civil war violence in Libya)
• Turkish local elections, 2014 (2013–14 protests in Turkey)
• Afghan presidential election, 2014
• Hungarian parliamentary election, 2014
• Algerian presidential election, 2014
• Iraqi parliamentary election, 2014
• South African general election, 2014
• Malawian general election, 2014
• Syrian presidential election, 2014 (Syrian Civil War)
• Libyan Council of Deputies election, 2014 (Libyan Civil War (2014–present))
• Brazilian presidential election, 2014
• Ukrainian presidential election, 2014 (Ukrainian crisis)
• Mauritanian presidential election, 2014
• Turkish presidential election, 2014
• Fijian general election, 2014
• Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014 (Ukrainian crisis)
• Romanian presidential election, 2014 (2012–14 unrest in Romania)
• Bahraini general election, 2014
• Sri Lankan presidential election, 2015
• Zambian presidential election, 2015
• Sudanese general election, 2015
• Togolese presidential election, 2015
• Ethiopian general election, 2015
• Burundian legislative election, 2015 (2015 Burundian unrest)
• Burundian presidential election, 2015 (2015 Burundian unrest)
• Belarusian presidential election, 2015
• Tanzanian general election, 2015
• Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2015
• Turkish general election, November 2015
• Myanmar general election, 2015
• Armenian constitutional referendum, 2015^[31]
• Ugandan general election, 2016
• Republic of the Congo presidential election, 2016
• Djiboutian presidential election, 2016
• Chadian presidential election, 2016
• Equatorial Guinean presidential election, 2016
• Serbian parliamentary election, 2016 (results disputed by opposition)
• Zambian general election, 2016
• Gabonese presidential election, 2016

Examples of electoral frauds

• Reconstruction, an effort to secure the voting rights of former slaves, ultimately failed in the states of the former Confederate States of America as reactionary interests used violence and intimidation against freedmen as well as political legerdemain to disenfranchise African-Americans, including poll taxes and so-called literacy tests, for almost a century after the American Civil War, ensuring the continuing hegemony of élite agrarian interests at the expense of all other interests in the South until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
• Politically enabled by the Reichstag Fire Decree on March 23, 1933, Hitler arrested or murdered all MPs from the Communist Party of Germany that were unable to flee or hide, and some from the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He also intimidated most of the other MPs into supporting him. This helped the NSDAP to get the needed two-thirds-majority to pass the Enabling Act giving Hitler dictatorial powers.
• In Romania, the heavily-rigged election formalized the takeover by Communists and the destruction of a multi-party democracy in 1946.
• Ferdinand Marcos, once fairly elected as President of the Philippines, remained in power and became increasingly dictatorial and kleptocratic, as he succeeded in marginalizing dissent and opposition through allegedly rigged elections.
• Many 3rd World dictatorships and former Warsaw Pact nations held show elections in which results predictably show that nearly 100% of all eligible voters vote and that nearly 100% of those eligible voters vote for the prescribed (often only) list of candidates for office or for referendums that favour the Party in power irrespective of economic conditions and the cruelties of the government.
• Slobodan Milošević was accused of rigging both elections in 1996 and 2000 which was followed by mass popular protests. He resigned in October 2000.^[32]
• It was widely held in the Ukrainian media that the Ukrainian election of 2004 was also hit by ballot rigging and voter intimidation on all sides.^[33]
• Both tabloid press accusations and several anecdotal public claims of postal vote fraud in both Birmingham and Hackney dogged many aspects of United Kingdom general election, 2001 and United Kingdom general election, 2005 which were reviewed in the court of appeal.^{[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]} There were also claims made over postal vote fraud and intimidation at the 2004 European and local government elections in Birmingham)^[41][42][43]
• Both the Ugandan election of 2006 ^[44] and the Kenyan ^[45] election of 2007 were marred by opposition claims that the ruling party had cheated its way back into power with the heavy use of electoral fraud.^[44]

See also

• Electoral fraud
• Ballot stuffing
• Voting machine
• ACCURATE
• Electoral integrity

References